Thinking is the dynamic interplay and fluid switching between two cognitive modes: Adaptive and Optimized.

Adaptive Mode Optimized Mode
Orientation Explore Exploit
Perception Sensing Habituation
Processing Sensemaking Habit
Outcome Learning Execution

Qualities of Adaptive Mode

Adaptation, exploration, conscious, deliberative, slow, reflective, feedback loops, attuned, error is information, engages novelty, updates models, future-oriented, transformation, curious, vulnerable, learning, innovative, inefficient, ambiguous.

Qualities of Optimized Mode

Efficiency, exploitation, unconscious, automatic, fast, reactive, scripted, filtered, error is deviation, suppresses novelty, fixed models, past-anchored, repetition, confident, performative, execution, precision, brittle, rigid.

Simulated Thinking1 is getting trapped in Optimized Mode while mistaking it for the whole. The inability to recognize or transition into Adaptive Mode is itself a product of simulated thinking. It sees exploration as inefficiency, uncertainty as incompetence, deviation as defiance, and genuine thinking as error, disability, or hostility.

The result is a mode that appears smart but is actually non-adaptive. It's rewarded socially, but it drifts from reality (as real thinking is often marginalized, mocked, or attacked). This is not a healthy balance, but a structural bias toward exploit, baked into our institutions, technologies, and cultural norms.

  1. Systems over-optimize for known inputs.
  2. Exploration is replaced with execution, speed, and performance.
  3. Habits ossify into scripts and scripts become dogma.
  4. The environment shifts (faster and faster).
  5. The system has little to no adaptive capacity.
  6. Breakdown, collapse, and scapegoating ensue.
  1. "Simulated Thinking" coined by Jordan Hall in On Thinking and Simulated Thinking.